A few weeks ago, I installed an automatic water heater switch to my bathroom, but it was a crude device. What I really want to do is design a universal heater driver. That basic idea can be adapted to ...

This project implements a real-time closed-loop motor control system where motor speed is dynamically regulated based on obstacle distance. An ultrasonic sensor provides the reference input, an ...

A modular, extensible line-following and obstacle-avoiding robot built on Arduino. Developed as a team project during preparatory classes, the robot uses infrared sensors and PWM motor control with a ...

Abstract: The performance of a single PID system can be increased by using a cascade control loop approach. In the tank system, level control is located in the primary loop, and the flow setpoint, ...